Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin, 2018, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 73–91
UDC: 
159.9.072.5

City Identity Questionnaire: Designing, validating and reliability testing

Litvina S. A. 1 (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Muraveva O. I. 1 (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
1 Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Abstract: 

Introduction. One of the major problems in studying identity with the city is a shortage of research tools. The aim of this study was to create a modern questionnaire allowing to study relevant aspects of this phenomenon.
Materials and methods. 156 respondents participated in the study. To measure the questionnaire construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis was applied. To verify its external validity, we used M. Kuhn and T. McPartland’s Who am I technique as a validation base. The statistical method applied was the Kruskal-Wallis rank analysis of variance. Checking the questionnaire reliability, including that of test-retest, was carried out on the sample of 50 subjects. Statistical methods involved descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, Cronbach's alpha coefficient analysis, principal component analysis (theta coefficients) and correlation analysis.
Results. The understanding of phenomenon of identity with the city is defined as behavioral self-determination of a person in urban environment. In accordance with that «Tomsk questionnaire of identity with the city» was developed, consisting of 23 questions grouped in five scales, namely «Sense of belonging to the city and faith in its potential», «Emotional attachment and feeling of closeness», «Uniqueness of the city», «Personal contribution to the city life», «Future plans associated with the city».
Conclusions. The results of statistical testing have proved validity and high reliability of the technique.

Keywords: 

Identity with the city; Urban identity; Personal identity; Social identity; Urban environment; Questionnaire of identity with the city

96.561 Place Attachment | Sense of Place | Sport Fishing

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?src=s&origin=cto&ctoId=CTODS_1...

City Identity Questionnaire: Designing, validating and reliability testing

For citation:
Litvina S. A., Muraveva O. I. City Identity Questionnaire: Designing, validating and reliability testing. Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin, 2018, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 73–91. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/2226-3365.1801.05
References: 
  1. Anton C. E., Lawrence C. The relationship between place attachment, the theory of planned behaviour and residents response to place change. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2016, vol. 47, pp. 145–154. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.05.010
  2. Bamberg S., Rees J., Seebauer S. Collective climate action: Determinants of participation intention in community-based pro-environmental initiatives. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2015, vol. 43, pp. 155–165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.06.006
  3. Belanche D., Casalós L. V., Flavián C. Understanding the cognitive, affective and evaluative components of social urban identity: Determinants, measurement, and practical consequences. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2017, vol. 50, pp. 138–153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.02.004
  4. Belanche D., Casalo L. V., Orús C. City attachment and use of urban services: Benefits for Smart cities. Cities, 2016, vol. 50, pp. 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.08.016
  5. Bernardo F., Palma-Oliveira J. M. Place identity, place attachment and the scale of place: the impact of place salience. Psychology, 2013, vol. 4, issue 2, pp. 167–193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21711976.2013.10773867
  6. Bernardo F., Palma-Oliveira J.-M. Urban neighbourhoods and intergroup relations: The importance of place identity. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2016, vol. 45, pp. 239–251. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.01.010  
  7. Casakin H., Hernandez B., Ruiz C. Place attachment and place identity in Israeli cities: The influence of city size. Cities, 2015, vol. 42, part B, pp. 224–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.07.007  
  8. Chapin III F. S., Knapp C. N. Sense of place: A process for identifying and negotiating potentially contested visions of sustainability. Environmental Science and Policy, 2015, vol. 53, part A, pp. 38–46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.04.012  
  9. Dias P., Ramadier T. Social trajectory and socio-spatial representation of urban space: The relation between social and cognitive structures. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2015, vol. 41, pp. 135–144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.12.002
  10. Dono J., Webb J., Richardson B. The relationship between environmental activism, pro-environmental behaviour and social identity. Journal of environmental psychology, 2010, vol. 30, issue 2, pp. 178–186. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.11.006
  11. Fernandez-Portero C., Alarcon D., Padura A. B. Dwelling conditions and life satisfaction of older people through residential satisfaction. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2017, vol. 49, pp. 1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.11.003
  12. Jorgensen B., Stedman R. Sense of place as an attitude: Lakeshore owners attitudes toward their properties. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2001, vol. 21 (3), pp. 233–248. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2001.0226
  13. Kashima Y., Paladino A., Margetts E. A. Environmentalist identity and environmental striving. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2014, vol. 38, pp. 64–75. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.12.014
  14. Lalli M. Urban-related identity: Theory, measurement, and empirical findings. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 1992, vol. 12 (4), pp. 285–303. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80078-7
  15. Lin C.-C., Lockwood M. Forms and sources of place attachment: Evidence from two protected areas. Geoforum, 2014, vol. 53, pp. 74–81. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.02.008
  16. Pol E. The Theoretical Background of the City-Identity-Sustainability Network. Environment and Behavior, 2002, vol. 34, issue 1, pp. 8–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916502034001002
  17. Rubin M., Badea C., Condie J., Mahfud Y., Morrison T., Peker M. Individual differences in collectivism predict city identification and city evaluation in Australian, French, and Turkish cities. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2017, vol. 50, pp. 9–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.01.007
  18. Scannell L., Gifford R. Personally relevant climate change: The role of place attachment and local versus global message framing in engagement. Environment and Behavior, 2013, vol. 45 (1), pp. 60–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916511421196
  19. Ujang N., Zakariya K. The notion of place, place meaning and identity in urban regeneration. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015, vol. 170, pp. 709–717. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.073
  20. Uzzell D., Pol E., Badenas D. Place identification, social cohesion, and environmental sustainability. Environment and Behavior, 2002, vol. 34, issue 1, pp. 26–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916502034001003
  21. Van der Werff E., Steg L., Keizer K. The value of environmental self-identity: the relationship between biospheric values, environmental self-identity and environmental preferences, intentions and behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2013, vol. 34, pp. 55–63. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.12.006
  22. Williams D. R. Making sense of “place”: Reflections on pluralism and positionality in place research. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2014, vol. 131, pp. 74–82. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.08.002
  23. Dyagileva N. S., Zhuravleva L. A. Town identity: Concept, structure, bases of formation. Sociology of City, 2012, no. 1, pp. 46–61. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=20229593
  24. Zagorjuev A. L. Features of confirmatory factor analysis in psychometric characteristics of the measurement process scales. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series “Psychology”, 2011, no. 42, pp. 41–46. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17112839
  25. Luk'yanov O. V. The problem of identity formation in the era of social change. Tomsk, Tomsk State University Publ., 2008, 212 p. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21147174
  26. Muravyova O. I., Litvina S. A., Bogomaz S. A. Environmental identity: the concept content. Siberian Journal of Psychology, 2015, no. 58, pp. 136–148. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25031855
  27. Ozerina A. A. City Identity as a Social and Psychological Phenomenon. Science Journal of Volgograd State University. Philosophy. Sociology and Social Technologies, 2016, no. 4, pp. 135–139. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28153009
  28. Ponukalina O. V., Loginova L. V. The image of the territory in the context of increasing the tourist attractiveness of the region. Science Journal of Volgograd State University. Philosophy. Sociology and Social Technologies, 2016, no. 1, pp. 65–72. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=26124581
  29. Shkurko T. A., Balakina A. A. Socio-psychological characteristics of relations to other people and the attitude towards the city of the inhabitants of the megalopolis, big and small cities. Rostov-оn-Don, Southern Federal University Publ., 2014, 208 p. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29145883
Date of the publication 28.02.2018