Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin, 2017, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 143–160
UDC: 
81’373

Dynamic processes in the pragmatically marked vocabulary of the Russian language at the beginning of the XXI century (with the focus on the word ambitious)

Khramtsova L. N. 1 (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation)
1 Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Abstract: 

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of the current interest in modern linguistics – the relationship between language and society. The article presents the results of a study of the Russian language lexical system fragment, where dynamic processes caused by changes in the social life take place. The purpose of this article is to reveal changes in semantics and functioning of the word “ambitious” taking place in the modern Russian language at the beginning of the XXI century. The author notes that the opinion of some researchers about the complete loss of the negative component of the word's meaning is premature and not entirely justified.
Materials and Methods. The article examines numerous usage examples of the words “ambition” and “ambitious” in different types of texts (journalistic, advertising, spoken) and also dictionary data, that allows the author to talk about more complex semantic-pragmatic transformations, largely due to social factors. The lexicographic method and contextual and discourse analysis are used.
Results. The dependency of using the words “ambition” and “ambitious” with positive or negative connotation on the speaker's age, social status, and psychological personality type is revealed. The article traces the trend of consolidating the positive semantics of the word “ambitious” mostly in the minds of young people. The author emphasizes that mass media, especially advertising texts, play an important role in such consolidation in the minds of Russian native speakers. The author notes that the highly frequent usage of the word “ambitious” in mass media texts leads, on one hand, to a rapid assimilation of the new positive semantics, and on the other hand, the word itself is becoming a cliché. This conclusion is based on the analysis of a range of texts including, but not limited to, job offers and dating advertisements.
Conclusions. In conclusion, the author identifies the analyzed phenomenon as enantiosemy, rather than a simple loss of a negative component. The author emphasizes that splitting the connotation of the word “ambitious” into the negative and positive is the consequence of the stratification of society into supporters and opponents of the adoption of the new Western values.

For citation:
Khramtsova L. N. Dynamic processes in the pragmatically marked vocabulary of the Russian language at the beginning of the XXI century (with the focus on the word ambitious). Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin, 2017, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 143–160. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/2226-3365.1702.10
References: 
  1. Andersen G. Pragmatic borrowing. Journal of Pragmatics. 2014, vol. 67, pp. 17–33. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.03.005
  2. Andersen G. A corpus study of pragmatic adaptation: The case of the Anglicism (jobb) in Norwegian. Journal of Pragmatics. 2017. In Press. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2016.12.015
  3. Gladkova A., Romero-Trillo J. Ain’t it beautiful? The conceptualization of beauty from an ethnopragmatic perspective. Journal of Pragmatics. 2014, vol. 60, pp. 140–159. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2016.11.004
  4. Mišić Ilić B. Pragmatic borrowing from English into Serbian: Linguistic and sociocultural aspects. Journal of Pragmatics. 2017. In Press. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2017.01.010
  5. Onysko A., Winter-Froemel E. Necessary loans – luxury loans? Exploring the pragmatic dimension of borrowing. Journal of Pragmatics. 2011, vol. 43, issue 6, pp. 1550–1567. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.12.004
  6. Prince E. F. On pragmatic change: The borrowing of discourse functions. Journal of Pragmatics. 1988,vol. 12, issues 5–6, pp. 505–518. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(88)90045-8
  7. Wang Xiao-yan. Cultural Factors Behind Semantic Differences. US-China Education Review B. 2014, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 146–150. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17265/2161-6248/2014.02B.009
  8. Xiang M. Toward a Neo-economy Principle in pragmatics. Journal of Pragmatics. 2017, vol. 107, pp. 31–45. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2016.11.004
  9. Bastrikov A.V. Enrichment of a Russian Literary Lexis of the 18th Century by Foreign Borrowings (on the Example of Ethical Concept Names Forming). Scientists notes of the Kazan University. SeriesHumanities. 2008, no. 2, pp. 185–196. (In Russian)
  10. Berezovich E. L., Surikova O. D. On the semantic history of “multi-channel” borrowings: The case of kuraž. Topics in the study of language. 2016, no. 4, pp. 35–55. (In Russian)
  11. Vepreva T. I. Linguistic Reflexion in the Post-Soviet Era. Ekaterinburg, Ural State University Publ., 2002, 380 p. (In Russian)
  12. Karasik V. I.Language circle: personality, concepts, discourse. Volgograd, Peremena Publ., 2002, 477 p. (In Russian)
  13. Kiklevich A. K. Dynamic Linguistics: Between Code and Discourse. Kharkov, Humanitarian Center Publ., 2014, 144 p. (In Russian)
  14. Kitanina E. A. «Estimated revolution» in the late 20th – early 21st centuries and pragmatics of loan word (by the example of gallicisms). Historical and social-educational ideas. 2012, no. 3, pp. 215–218. (In Russian)
  15. Levontina I. B. Russianwithdictionary. Moscow, Azbukovnik Publ., 2010, 365 p. (In Russian)
  16. Lobkovskaja L. P. To the problem of changes in the estimated borrowing connotations. Proceedings of Volgograd State Pedagogical University. 2009, no. 7, pp. 136–139. (In Russian)
  17. Marinova E. V. Can ambitions be healthy? Russian speech. 2012, no. 5, pp. 57–63. (In Russian)
  18. Perfilyeva N. P. The semasiological metatextual indicators in the semantico-functional aspect. Vestnik Novosibirsk State University, Series: History and Philology. 2012, vol. 11, issue 9. Philology, pp. 99–104. (In Russian)
  19. Radbil T. B. «Language of values» in modern russian speech and the ways of its calculation. Vestnik of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod. 2011, no. 6-2, pp. 569–573. (In Russian)
  20. Rezanova Z. T., Shilyaev K. S. Ethnonyms “Rusin” and “Rusinian” in Russian discourse: a corpus study. Rusin. 2015, vol. 1 (39), pp. 239–255 (In Russian). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/39/7
  21. Tripolskaya T. A. Emotive-evaluative discourse: cognitive and pragmatic aspects. Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Publ., 1999, 166 p. (In Russian)
  22. Shakhovskiy V. I. Alterations in the worldview and the dynamics of language and speech practice. Science Journal of Volgograd State University. Linguistics.2015, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 7–20 (In Russian). DOI: http://dx.doi.Org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2015.1.1
  23. Shmelev A. D. Russian language picture of the world: system shift. The World of Russian Word. 2009, no. 4, pp. 14–21.(In Russian)
Date of the publication 30.04.2017